In Korean, adjectives are words that describe the qualities or characteristics of a noun or pronoun. They play a crucial role in sentence construction and help convey specific meanings. In Korean, adjectives are known as ‘형용사’ (hyeong-yong-sa).
Types of Korean Adjectives
Korean adjectives come in two forms: descriptive and stative. Descriptive adjectives describe the physical appearance, color, shape, size, and other qualities of the noun or pronoun. Stative adjectives, on the other hand, describe the mental or emotional state of the noun or pronoun.
Placement of Adjectives in Korean Sentences
When using adjectives in Korean, it is essential to pay attention to their placement in a sentence. In general, adjectives in Korean come before the noun or pronoun they describe. For example, if you want to say “I am happy,” you would say “나는 행복합니다” (na-neun haeng-bok-ham-ni-da), where “행복” (haeng-bok) is the adjective meaning “happy,” and “합니다” (ham-ni-da) is the verb meaning “am.”
Adjectives and Topic/Subject Markers
However, if the sentence contains a topic or subject marker, such as “은” (eun) or “는” (neun), the adjective comes after the marker. For example, if you want to say “The apple is red,” you would say “사과는 빨간색입니다” (sa-gwa-neun bbalk-gan-saek-im-ni-da), where “빨간색” (bbalk-gan-saek) is the adjective meaning “red,” and “입니다” (im-ni-da) is the verb meaning “is.”
Invariance of Korean Adjectives
It is also essential to note that Korean adjectives do not change their forms based on the gender, number, or tense of the noun or pronoun they describe. For example, the adjective “맛있다” (mas-iss-da), which means “delicious,” does not change its form whether you are describing a singular or plural noun, a male or female noun, or a past or future event.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Korean adjectives are an essential part of sentence construction and play a significant role in conveying meaning. They come in two forms, descriptive and stative, and are placed before or after the noun or pronoun they describe depending on the sentence’s structure. Adjectives in Korean do not change their form based on gender, number, or tense, making them relatively easy to use for beginners.
Adjectives for APPEARANCE:
예쁜 (yeppeun) – pretty
멋진 (meotjin) – handsome, cool
섹시한 (seksi-han) – sexy
귀여운 (gwiyeoun) – cute
매력적인 (maeryeokjeog-in) – attractive
날씬한 (nalsinhan) – slim
건강한 (geonganghan) – healthy
키가 큰 (kiga keun) – tall
작은 (jageun) – small, little
단정한 (danjeonghan) – neat, tidy
깨끗한 (kkaekkeuthan) – clean
지적인 (jijeogin) – intellectual, smart-looking
화려한 (hwaryeohan) – glamorous
무난한 (munanhan) – plain, simple
달콤한 (dalkomhan) – sweet, charming
시크한 (sikeuhan) – chic
복실복실한 (boksilboksilhan) – fluffy, puffy
부드러운 (budeureoun) – soft, gentle
뽀얀 (ppoyeon) – pure, immaculate
독특한 (dokteukhan) – unique, distinctive
Adjectives for PERSONALITY:
친절한 (chinjeolhan) – kind, friendly
재미있는 (jaemiinneun) – fun, entertaining
지혜로운 (jihyeleoun) – wise, knowledgeable
성실한 (seongsilhan) – diligent, hardworking
낙천적인 (nakcheongjeog-in) – optimistic
부지런한 (buji-reonhan) – industrious, diligent
꼼꼼한 (kkomkkomhan) – meticulous, thorough
유머러스한 (yumeoreoseu-han) – humorous
용감한 (yonggamhan) – brave, courageous
자신감 있는 (jasin-gam itneun) – confident, self-assured
유쾌한 (yukwae-han) – cheerful, lively
창의적인 (changuijeog-in) – creative, innovative
겸손한 (gyeomsunhan) – humble, modest
진취적인 (jinchijeog-in) – progressive, forward-thinking
믿음직한 (miteumjikhan) – reliable, trustworthy
온화한 (onhwahan) – gentle, mild-mannered
대범한 (daebemhan) – generous, broad-minded
인내심 있는 (innaesim itneun) – patient, persevering
솔직한 (soljikhan) – honest, straightforward
감성적인 (gamseongjeog-in) – emotional, sentimental
Adjectives for EMOTIONS:
기쁘다 (gippeuda) – happy
슬프다 (seulpeuda) – sad
화나다 (hwanada) – angry
놀라다 (nollada) – surprised
부끄럽다 (bukkeureopda) – embarrassed
기운이 나다 (giun-i nada) – energized
지루하다 (jiruhada) – bored
좋아하다 (joh-ahada) – like
싫어하다 (sireohada) – dislike
불안하다 (buran-hada) – anxious
답답하다 (dapdap-hada) – frustrated
두렵다 (duryeopda) – scared
속상하다 (soksang-hada) – upset
설레다 (seolleda) – excited
짜증나다 (jjajeungnada) – irritated
즐겁다 (jeulgeopda) – enjoyable
창피하다 (changpihada) – ashamed
미워하다 (miwohada) – hate
걱정되다 (geokjeongdoeda) – worried
달콤하다 (dalkomhada) – sweet
Adjectives for BEHAVIOR:
성실하다 (seongsilhada) – diligent
무례하다 (mulyeohada) – rude
부지런하다 (bujireonhada) – industrious
낙천적이다 (nakcheongjeogida) – optimistic
신중하다 (sinjunghada) – cautious
열심히하다 (yeolsimhihada) – hardworking
불친절하다 (bulchinjeolhada) – unfriendly
똑똑하다 (ttokttokhada) – smart
바보같다 (babogatda) – foolish
날카롭다 (nalkarobda) – sharp
인내력이 강하다 (innaeryeog-i ganghada) – patient
우유부단하다 (uyubudan-hada) – indecisive
무뚝뚝하다 (muduttukhada) – blunt
참을성이 없다 (cham-eulseong-i eopda) – impatient
유쾌하다 (yukwae-hada) – humorous
솔직하다 (soljikhada) – honest
꼼꼼하다 (kkomkkomhada) – meticulous
냉정하다 (naengjeonghada) – cold-blooded
당당하다 (dangdanghada) – confident
지적인다 (jijeoginda) – witty
Adjectives for RELATIONSHIPS:
사랑하는 (saranghaneun) – loving
신뢰하는 (sinroehaneun) – trusting
이해하는 (ihaehaneun) – understanding
존중하는 (jonjunghaneun) – respectful
소중한 (sojunghan) – precious
낭만적인 (nangmanjeogin) – romantic
따뜻한 (ttatteutan) – warm
친절한 (chinjeolhan) – kind
온화한 (onhwahan) – gentle
겸손한 (gyeomsunhan) – humble
유쾌한 (yukwaehan) – cheerful
믿음직한 (miteumjikhan) – reliable
적극적인 (jeokgeukjeogin) – proactive
공감하는 (gonggamhaneun) – empathetic
참을성 있는 (chameulseonginneun) – patient
진실한 (jinsilhan) – truthful
활기찬 (hwalgichan) – lively
자비로운 (jabiroun) – compassionate
인내심 있는 (innaesim inneun) – resilient
영감을 주는 (yeonggameul juneun) – inspiring
Adjectives for HEALTH:
건강한 (geonganghan) – healthy
균형잡힌 (gyunhyeongjaphin) – balanced
신선한 (sinseonhan) – fresh
청결한 (cheonggyeolhan) – clean
영양가 있는 (yeongnyangga inneun) – nutritious
충분한 (chungbunhan) – sufficient
안전한 (anjeonhan) – safe
깨끗한 (kkaekkeuthan) – hygienic
자연 친화적인 (jayeon chinhwajeogin) – eco-friendly
적극적인 (jeokgeukjeogin) – proactive
스트레스 없는 (seuteureseu eomneun) – stress-free
쾌적한 (kwaekjeokhan) – pleasant
건강한 생활습관을 가진 (geonganghan saenghwalsseupgwan-eul gajin) – having healthy lifestyle habits
식욕을 돋우는 (sigog-eul doduneun) – appetite-stimulating
편안한 (pyeonanhan) – comfortable
잠을 충분히 취하는 (jam-eul chungbunhi chwihaneun) – getting enough sleep
운동에 적합한 (undong-e jeokhabhan) – suitable for exercise
혈액순환을 돕는 (hyeol-ag-sunhwan-eul dobneun) – promoting blood circulation
Adjectives for EDUCATION:
지식 있는 (jisig inneun) – knowledgeable
배움에 열심인 (baeume yeslimin) – diligent in learning
학문적인 (hakmunjeogin) – academic
교육적인 (gyoyugjeogin) – educational
선생님같은 (seonsaengnimgateun) – teacher-like
열정적인 (yeoljeongjeogin) – passionate
체계적인 (chegyejeogin) – systematic
적극적인 (jeokgeugjeogin) – proactive
협력적인 (hyeopryeokjeogin) – collaborative
자기주도적인 (jagijudojoekin) – self-directed
노력하는 (noryeokhaneun) – hardworking
발전하는 (baljeonhaneun) – developing
전문적인 (jeonmunjeogin) – professional
지속적인 (jisokjeogin) – continuous
개방적인 (gaebangjeogin) – open-minded
창의적인 (changuijeogin) – creative
집중하는 (jipjunganeun) – focused
현실적인 (hyeonsiljeogin) – realistic
효율적인 (hyoyuljeogin) – efficient
인재양성에 기여하는 (injaeyangseonge giyeohaneun) – contributing to talent development
Adjectives for POLITICS:
민주적인 (minjujeogin) – democratic
공정한 (gongjeonghan) – fair
전략적인 (jeollagjeogin) – strategic
이념적인 (inyeomjeogin) – ideological
평화적인 (pyeonghwajeogin) – peaceful
정의로운 (jeongiroun) – just
적극적인 (jeokgeugjeogin) – proactive
유능한 (yuneunghan) – capable
건설적인 (geonseoljeogin) – constructive
변화를 추구하는 (byeonhwareul chuguhaneun) – pursuing change
친미적인 (chinmijeogin) – pro-American
진보적인 (jinbojeogin) – progressive
보수적인 (bosujeogin) – conservative
타협적인 (tahyeobjeogin) – compromising
협력적인 (hyeopryeokjeogin) – cooperative
적대적인 (jeokdaejjeogin) – hostile
불평등을 해소하는 (bulpyeongdeungeul haesohaneun) – reducing inequality
국제적인 (gukjejeogin) – international
자유주의적인 (jayujuuijeogin) – libertarian
Adjectives for ART:
아름다운 (areumdaun) – beautiful
심오한 (simo han) – profound, deep
혁신적인 (hyeoksinjeogin) – innovative
창의적인 (changuijeogin) – creative
우아한 (uahan) – elegant
감성적인 (gamsungjeogin) – emotional, sentimental
모던한 (modeonhan) – modern
전통적인 (jeontongjeogin) – traditional
생동감 있는 (saengdonggam inneun) – dynamic, lively
섬세한 (seomsehan) – delicate
아담한 (adamhan) – modest
고급스러운 (gogeupsureoun) – luxurious
대담한 (daedamhan) – bold
매력적인 (maeryeokjeogin) – attractive
미묘한 (mimyohan) – subtle
유려한 (yuryeohan) – graceful
풍부한 (pungbuhan) – rich, abundant
화려한 (hwaryeohan) – splendid
진중한 (jinjunghan) – solemn
찬란한 (chanranhan) – brilliant
Adjectives for SPORTS:
활동적인 (hwaldongjeogin) – active
경쟁적인 (gyeongjaejeogin) – competitive
체력적인 (cheryeokjeogin) – physical, athletic
끈기있는 (kkeunkiinneun) – persevering, tenacious
열정적인 (yeoljeongjeogin) – passionate
강인한 (gakinhan) – strong, robust
탁월한 (takwolhan) – excellent, outstanding
기민한 (giminhan) – agile, quick
지속적인 (jisokjeogin) – consistent
전문적인 (jeonmunjeogin) – professional
자신감 있는 (jasin gam inneun) – confident
도전적인 (dojeonjeogin) – challenging
확고한 (hwakgo han) – determined
무장한 (mujanghan) – well-equipped
단호한 (danhohan) – resolute
유연한 (yuyeonhan) – flexible
건강한 (geonganghan) – healthy
능력있는 (neungryeog inneun) – capable
유쾌한 (yukwae han) – cheerful
선도적인 (seondoejeogin) – leading, pioneering
Adjectives for FOOD:
맛있는 (mas-iss-neun) – delicious
짭짤한 (jjep-jjal-han) – salty
달콤한 (dal-kom-han) – sweet
매운 (mae-un) – spicy
신선한 (sin-seon-han) – fresh
부드러운 (bu-deu-reo-un) – tender/soft
고소한 (go-so-han) – nutty/savory
바삭한 (ba-sak-han) – crispy
싱거운 (sing-geo-un) – refreshing
차가운 (cha-ga-un) – cold
뜨거운 (tteu-geo-un) – hot
새콤한 (sae-kom-han) – sour
진한 (jin-han) – rich
상큼한 (sang-keum-han) – tangy
느끼한 (neukki-han) – greasy/oily
건강한 (geon-gang-han) – healthy
육즙이 많은 (yuk-jeup-i manh-eun) – juicy
푸짐한 (pu-jim-han) – generous/plentiful
냄새나는 (naem-sae-na-neun) – fragrant/aromatic
향긋한 (hyang-geut-han) – aromatic/flavorful
Adjectives for TRAVEL:
아름다운 (a-reum-da-un) – beautiful
화려한 (hwa-ryeo-han) – glamorous
평화로운 (pyeong-hwa-ro-un) – peaceful
멋진 (meot-jin) – wonderful/splendid
재미있는 (jae-mi-iss-neun) – interesting
흥미로운 (heung-mi-ro-un) – intriguing
자연스러운 (ja-yeon-seu-reo-un) – natural
독특한 (dok-teuk-han) – unique
안전한 (an-jeon-han) – safe
활기찬 (hwal-gi-chan) – lively
평범한 (pyeong-beom-han) – ordinary
여유로운 (yeo-yu-ro-un) – leisurely
아늑한 (a-neuk-han) – cozy
혼잡한 (hon-jap-han) – crowded
위험한 (wi-heom-han) – dangerous
청결한 (cheong-gyeol-han) – clean
조용한 (jo-yong-han) – quiet
멋부린 (meot-bu-rin) – fashionable
사랑스러운 (sa-rang-seu-reo-un) – lovely
색다른 (saek-da-reun) – different/unique.
Adjectives for TECHNOLOGY:
혁신적인 (hyeoksinjaekin) – innovative
진보한 (jinbohan) – advanced
효율적인 (hyoyuljeokin) – efficient
강력한 (gangnyeokin) – powerful
스마트한 (seumateuhan) – smart
빠른 (ppareun) – fast
안전한 (anjeonhan) – safe
편리한 (pyeonlihan) – convenient
최신의 (choesinui) – latest
새로운 (saeroun) – new
미래지향적인 (miraejihyangjeokin) – future-oriented
직관적인 (jikgwanjjeokin) – intuitive
유연한 (yuyeonhan) – flexible
안정적인 (anjeongjeokin) – stable
협업적인 (hyeobeobjeokin) – collaborative
다양한 (dayanghan) – diverse
모바일에 최적화된 (mobail-e choejimhwadoen) – mobile-optimized
적응력이 뛰어난 (jeogipryeog-nyeok-i ttwieonan) – adaptable
생산성을 높이는 (saengsansingeul nopineun) – productivity-enhancing
무결점의 (mugyeoljeom-ui) – flawless
Adjectives for FASHION:
세련된 (seryeondoen) – stylish
이국적인 (igugjeog-in) – exotic
멋진 (meosjin) – chic
고급스러운 (gogeupsreoun) – luxurious
트렌디한 (teurendihan) – trendy
복고풍의 (bokgopung-ui) – retro
시크한 (sikeuhan) – sophisticated
심플한 (simpulhan) – simple
아방가르드한 (abanggareudeuhan) – avant-garde
세미클래식한 (semikeullaesighan) – semi-classic
개성있는 (gaeseong-issneun) – unique
현대적인 (hyeonda-jeog-in) – contemporary
센스있는 (senseu-issneun) – tasteful
차분한 (chabunhan) – understated
포멀한 (pomeolhan) – formal
편안한 (pyeonanhan) – comfortable
부드러운 (budeureoun) – soft
발랄한 (ballalhan) – lively
독특한 (dokteukhan) – unique
우아한 (uahan) – elegant
Adjectives for BUSINESS:
경쟁적인 (gyeongjaengjeog-in) – competitive
성공적인 (seong-gongjeog-in) – successful
안정적인 (anjeongjeog-in) – stable
혁신적인 (hyeoksinjeog-in) – innovative
효율적인 (hyoyuljeog-in) – efficient
신뢰성 있는 (sinloejeongneun) – reliable
전문적인 (jeonmunjeog-in) – professional
유연한 (yuyeonhan) – flexible
안전한 (anjeonhan) – safe
선도적인 (seondoejeog-in) – leading
수익성 있는 (suyeokseongneun) – profitable
개방적인 (gaebangjeog-in) – open-minded
창의적인 (changuijeog-in) – creative
집중적인 (jipjungjeog-in) – focused
체계적인 (chegyesjeog-in) – systematic
협동적인 (hyeopdongjeog-in) – cooperative
대화식인 (daehwasig-in) – interactive
개인별 맞춤형의 (gaeinbyeol majchumhyeong-ui) – personalized
지속 가능한 (jisog ganeunghan) – sustainable
긍정적인 (geungjeongjeog-in) – positive
Adjectives for COMMUNICATION:
효과적인 (hyogwajeog-in) – effective
원활한 (wonhwahan) – smooth
직관적인 (jikgwajeog-in) – intuitive
세밀한 (sebilhan) – detailed
정확한 (jeongaghan) – accurate
친절한 (chinjeolhan) – friendly
개방적인 (gaebangjeog-in) – open-minded
신속한 (sinsokhan) – prompt
상호적인 (sanghojeog-in) – mutual
부드러운 (budeureoun) – soft
진실한 (jinsilhan) – truthful
체계적인 (chegyesjeog-in) – systematic
간결한 (gankyeolhan) – concise
집중력 있는 (jipjungnyeokneun) – focused
자연스러운 (jayeonseureoun) – natural
독창적인 (dokchangjeog-in) – original
생동감 있는 (saengdonggamneun) – lively
적극적인 (jeokgeukjeog-in) – proactive
공감하는 (gonggamhaneun) – empathetic
협력적인 (hyeopryeokjeog-in) – collaborative
Adjectives for LAW:
합법적인 (hableopjeogin) – legal
불법적인 (bulbeopjeogin) – illegal
공정한 (gongjeonghan) – fair
부당한 (budanghan) – unfair
유효한 (yuhyohan) – valid
무효한 (muhyohan) – invalid
법적인 (beopjeogin) – juridical
허용된 (heoyongdoen) – permitted
금지된 (geumjidoen) – prohibited
위반된 (wiban doen) – violated
엄격한 (eomgyeokhan) – strict
관용적인 (gwan-yongjeogin) – lenient
집행 가능한 (jibhaeng ganeunghan) – enforceable
비상사태의 (bisangsataeui) – emergency
시민적인 (siminjeogin) – civic
공공의 (gong-gong-ui) – public
사적인 (sajeogin) – private
규제된 (gyujege doenda) – regulated
자유로운 (jayuro-un) – free
형사상의 (hyeongsasang-ui) – criminal
Adjectives for SOCIETY:
- 사회적인 (saho-jeogin) – social
- 개방적인 (gae-bangjeogin) – open-minded
- 보수적인 (bosujeogin) – conservative
- 진보적인 (jinbojeogin) – progressive
- 다양한 (dayanghan) – diverse
- 평등한 (pyeongdeunghan) – equal
- 불평등한 (bulpyeongdeunghan) – unequal
- 인종차별적인 (injongchabyeoljeogin) – racist
- 성차별적인 (seongchabyeoljeogin) – sexist
- 다문화적인 (damunhwa jeogin) – multicultural
- 혐오스러운 (hyeom-osreoun) – hateful
- 평화적인 (pyeonghwajeogin) – peaceful
- 융통성 있는 (yungtongseong inneun) – flexible
- 공감대가 있는 (gong-gamdaga inneun) – empathetic
- 열린 (yeollin) – open
- 폐쇄적인 (pyesoejeogin) – closed-minded
- 협력적인 (hyeob-ryeokjeogin) – cooperative
- 경쟁적인 (gyeongjaejeogin) – competitive
- 자유로운 (jayuro-un) – free
- 제약이 있는 (je-yaeg-i inneun) – constrained.
Originally posted 2023-07-18 06:26:40.