German adjectives are words used to describe and modify a noun or pronoun in a sentence. One important aspect of German adjectives is that they change their endings depending on the gender, case, and number of the noun they are describing. This makes it crucial for German learners to understand the rules for adjective endings in order to accurately communicate in the language.
Gender, case, and number in German adjectives
In the German language, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives also have different endings depending on the case of the noun they are modifying, which can be nominative, accusative, dative, or genitive. Finally, the number of the noun also influences the adjective ending, with different endings for singular and plural nouns.
Illustration of German adjective endings
To illustrate the use of German adjective endings, let’s take the example of the adjective “klein”, which means small. In the nominative case(the subject of a sentence or clause), when modifying a masculine singular noun, the appropriate ending is “-er”, so we say “der kleine Hund” (the small dog). For a feminine singular noun in the nominative case, the ending is “-e”, as in “die kleine Katze” (the small cat). Finally, for a neuter singular noun in the nominative case, the ending is “-es”, as in “das kleine Kind” (the small child).
Adjective endings in the accusative case
In the accusative case(the noun or pronoun that receives the action ), when modifying a masculine singular noun, the appropriate ending is “-en”, so we say “einen kleinen Hund” (a small dog). For a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, the ending is “-e”, as in “eine kleine Katze” (a small cat). Finally, for a neuter singular noun in the accusative case, the ending is also “-es”, as in “ein kleines Kind” (a small child).
Adjective endings in the dative case
In the dative case(the indirect object of a verb ), the appropriate endings for adjectives modifying masculine, feminine, and neuter singular nouns are “-em”, “-er”, and “-em” respectively. For example, we can say “dem kleinen Hund” (to the small dog), “der kleinen Katze” (to the small cat), and “dem kleinen Kind” (to the small child).
Adjective endings in the genitive case
Finally, in the genitive case(shows possession or relationship between nouns, pronouns ), the appropriate endings for adjectives modifying masculine, feminine, and neuter singular nouns are “-en”, “-er”, and “-en” respectively. For example, we can say “des kleinen Hundes” (of the small dog), “der kleinen Katze” (of the small cat), and “des kleinen Kindes” (of the small child).
Conclusion on German adjective endings
In conclusion, German adjective endings change depending on the gender, case, and number of the noun they are describing. It is important for learners of the language to understand these rules in order to accurately communicate in German. By following these rules, we can construct sentences that correctly reflect the grammatical structure of the language.
Word order of German adjectives
In terms of word order, German adjectives are usually placed before the noun they modify. For example, you might say “ein rotes Auto” (meaning “a red car”), where “rotes” is the adjective modifying the noun “Auto” (car). However, in some cases, adjectives can come after the noun they modify, especially when they are used for emphasis. For example, you might say “ein Mann groß und stark” (meaning “a man big and strong”), where “groß” and “stark” are the adjectives used after the noun “Mann” (man) for emphasis.
In summary, German adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They change their endings depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify. Adjectives are typically placed before the noun they modify, but can also come after the noun for emphasis. Keep in mind that German has three genders for nouns, so adjectives will have different forms depending on the gender of the noun they modify.
Adjective for APPEARANCE:
- schön – beautiful
- attraktiv – attractive
- hässlich – ugly
- groß – tall
- klein – small
- schlank – slim
- dick – fat
- muskulös – muscular
- blond – blonde
- brünett – brunette
- rothaarig – red-haired
- gepflegt – well-groomed
- ungepflegt – unkempt
- blass – pale
- gebräunt – tanned
- dunkel – dark
- hell – light
- schmal – narrow
- breit – wide
- hübsch – pretty
Adjective for PERSONALITY:
- nett – nice
- freundlich – friendly
- unfreundlich – unfriendly
- höflich – polite
- unhöflich – impolite
- lustig – funny
- ernst – serious
- intelligent – intelligent
- dumm – dumb
- mutig – brave
- feige – cowardly
- ehrlich – honest
- unehrlich – dishonest
- treu – loyal
- untreu – disloyal
- geduldig – patient
- ungeduldig – impatient
- aufgeschlossen – open-minded
- introvertiert – introverted
- extrovertiert – extroverted
Adjective for EMOTIONS:
- glücklich – happy
- traurig – sad
- wütend – angry
- aufgeregt – excited
- verängstigt – frightened
- erschrocken – shocked
- zufrieden – satisfied
- gelangweilt – bored
- verwirrt – confused
- erleichtert – relieved
- besorgt – worried
- neugierig – curious
- stolz – proud
- eifersüchtig – jealous
- schuldig – guilty
- dankbar – grateful
- müde – tired
- hungrig – hungry
- durstig – thirsty
- krank – sick
Adjective for BEHAVIOR:
- freundlich – friendly
- unhöflich – rude
- höflich – polite
- unsicher – insecure
- selbstbewusst – confident
- entschlossen – determined
- nachdenklich – thoughtful
- unentschlossen – indecisive
- rücksichtsvoll – considerate
- rachsüchtig – vengeful
- großzügig – generous
- geizig – stingy
- hilfsbereit – helpful
- faul – lazy
- fleißig – hardworking
- geduldig – patient
- ungeduldig – impatient
- loyal – loyal
- untreu – unfaithful
- vertrauenswürdig – trustworthy
Adjective for RELATIONSHIPS:
- liebevoll – affectionate
- treu – faithful
- vertrauensvoll – trusting
- harmonisch – harmonious
- respektvoll – respectful
- empathisch – empathetic
- aufmerksam – attentive
- liebevoll – loving
- loyal – loyal
- kommunikativ – communicative
- verständnisvoll – understanding
- herzlich – cordial
- engagiert – committed
- sensibel – sensitive
- unterstützend – supportive
- romantisch – romantic
- offen – open
- humorvoll – humorous
- warmherzig – warm-hearted
- gemeinschaftlich – communal
Adjective for HEALTH:
- gesund – healthy
- fit – fit
- stark – strong
- aktiv – active
- energisch – energetic
- sauber – clean
- frisch – fresh
- entspannt – relaxed
- ausgewogen – balanced
- hygienisch – hygienic
- vital – vital
- sportlich – sporty
- erholt – rested
- schlank – slim
- beweglich – flexible
- immun – immune
- erfrischt – refreshed
- regeneriert – regenerated
- gesundheitsbewusst – health-conscious
- vitalisierend – invigorating
Adjective for EDUCATION:
- intelligent – intelligent
- klug – smart
- gebildet – educated
- wissbegierig – curious
- erfahren – experienced
- fleißig – hardworking
- motiviert – motivated
- talentiert – talented
- diszipliniert – disciplined
- interessiert – interested
- engagiert – committed
- aufgeschlossen – open-minded
- belesen – well-read
- kreativ – creative
- sachkundig – knowledgeable
- fähig – capable
- lernwillig – eager to learn
- erfahren – knowledgeable
- zielstrebig – determined
- aufmerksam – attentive
Adjective for POLITICS:
- demokratisch – democratic
- autoritär – authoritarian
- konservativ – conservative
- liberal – liberal
- sozialistisch – socialist
- republikanisch – republican
- progressiv – progressive
- nationalistisch – nationalist
- faschistisch – fascist
- populistisch – populist
- extremistisch – extremist
- links – left-wing
- rechts – right-wing
- radikal – radical
- konfliktreich – conflictual
- wertebasiert – values-based
- idealistisch – idealistic
- realistisch – realistic
- strategisch – strategic
- aktivistisch – activist.
Adjectives for ART:
- kreativ – creative
- talentiert – talented
- expressiv – expressive
- modern – modern
- traditionell – traditional
- abstrakt – abstract
- realistisch – realistic
- minimalistisch – minimalist
- farbenfroh – colorful
- inspirierend – inspiring
- einzigartig – unique
- beeindruckend – impressive
- ausdrucksstark – powerful
- provokativ – provocative
- zeitgenössisch – contemporary
- harmonisch – harmonious
- surreal – surreal
- dynamisch – dynamic
- symbolisch – symbolic
- emotional – emotional
Adjectives for SPORTS:
- sportlich – athletic
- fit – fit
- aktiv – active
- schnell – fast
- ausdauernd – enduring
- geschickt – skillful
- stark – strong
- wendig – agile
- beweglich – flexible
- koordiniert – coordinated
- durchsetzungsstark – assertive
- trainiert – trained
- diszipliniert – disciplined
- motiviert – motivated
- hartnäckig – tenacious
- taktisch – tactical
- technisch – technical
- wettbewerbsfähig – competitive
- gesund – healthy
- fokussiert – focused.
Adjectives for FOOD:
- lecker – delicious
- frisch – fresh
- süß – sweet
- salzig – salty
- sauer – sour
- scharf – spicy
- fettig – fatty
- gesund – healthy
- vegetarisch – vegetarian
- vegan – vegan
- knusprig – crispy
- weich – soft
- aromatisch – aromatic
- deftig – hearty
- mild – mild
- würzig – flavorful
- reif – ripe
- herzhaft – savory
- cremig – creamy
- zart – tender
Adjectives for TRAVEL:
- schön – beautiful
- entspannend – relaxing
- aufregend – exciting
- interessant – interesting
- romantisch – romantic
- historisch – historical
- kulturell – cultural
- abenteuerlich – adventurous
- sonnig – sunny
- malerisch – picturesque
- exotisch – exotic
- erholsam – restful
- gemütlich – cozy
- modern – modern
- beeindruckend – impressive
- geheimnisvoll – mysterious
- romantisch – romantic
- multikulturell – multicultural
- idyllisch – idyllic
- unvergesslich – unforgettable
Adjectives for TECHNOLOGY:
- modern – modern
- innovativ – innovative
- digital – digital
- effizient – efficient
- intelligent – intelligent
- schnell – fast
- drahtlos – wireless
- praktisch – practical
- zuverlässig – reliable
- futuristisch – futuristic
- automatisch – automatic
- fortschrittlich – advanced
- vernetzt – interconnected
- leistungsfähig – powerful
- einfach – simple
- nutzerfreundlich – user-friendly
- mobil – mobile
- flexibel – flexible
- multifunktional – multifunctional
- sicher – secure
Adjectives for FASHION:
- stilvoll – stylish
- modisch – fashionable
- elegant – elegant
- schick – chic
- trendy – trendy
- klassisch – classic
- extravagant – extravagant
- bequem – comfortable
- zeitgemäß – contemporary
- lässig – casual
- schlicht – plain
- auffällig – striking
- feminin – feminine
- maskulin – masculine
- schmeichelhaft – flattering
- ausgefallen – unique
- glamourös – glamorous
- sportlich – sporty
- exklusiv – exclusive
- farbenfroh – colorful
Adjectives for BUSINESS:
- erfolgreich – successful
- effizient – efficient
- innovativ – innovative
- produktiv – productive
- rentabel – profitable
- zuverlässig – reliable
- professionell – professional
- zielorientiert – goal-oriented
- wirtschaftlich – economical
- verantwortungsbewusst – responsible
- leistungsstark – high-performance
- kundenorientiert – customer-oriented
- konkurrenzfähig – competitive
- modern – modern
- dynamisch – dynamic
- strategisch – strategic
- flexibel – flexible
- umsatzstark – high-turnover
- innovativ – innovative
- kreativ – creative
Adjectives for COMMUNICATION:
- klar – clear
- verständlich – understandable
- präzise – precise
- effektiv – effective
- direkt – direct
- freundlich – friendly
- aufmerksam – attentive
- höflich – polite
- professionell – professional
- empathisch – empathetic
- deutlich – distinct
- zielorientiert – goal-oriented
- effizient – efficient
- gut strukturiert – well-structured
- gut organisiert – well-organized
- transparent – transparent
- respektvoll – respectful
- informativ – informative
- überzeugend – convincing
- konstruktiv – constructive
Adjective for LAW:
- rechtlich – legal
- gerecht – just
- illegal – illegal
- gültig – valid
- ungültig – invalid
- gesetzeswidrig – unlawful
- strafbar – punishable
- juristisch – juridical
- verfassungswidrig – unconstitutional
- rechtmäßig – lawful
- illegal – illegal
- bindend – binding
- anfechtbar – contestable
- verbindlich – obligatory
- rechtskräftig – legally binding
- unwirksam – invalid
- ausführbar – enforceable
- unanfechtbar – final
- zulässig – admissible
- unzulässig – inadmissible
Adjective for SOCIETY:
- sozial – social
- gesellschaftlich – societal
- kulturell – cultural
- politisch – political
- wirtschaftlich – economic
- multikulturell – multicultural
- vielfältig – diverse
- gemeinschaftlich – communal
- solidarisch – solidary
- traditionell – traditional
- modern – modern
- liberal – liberal
- konservativ – conservative
- fortschrittlich – progressive
- demokratisch – democratic
- autoritär – authoritarian
- inklusiv – inclusive
- exklusiv – exclusive
- friedlich – peaceful
- konfliktreich – conflictual
Originally posted 2023-07-18 06:21:01.